ABSTRACT
To review the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular complications of liver disease, we discuss their clinical implications, and therapeutic considerations, with emphasis on potential reversibility of the hepatopulmonary syndrome after liver transplantation. In this review, we also discuss the role of imaging in pulmonary vascular complications associated with liver disease
Subject(s)
Humans , Hypertension, Portal , Liver Cirrhosis , Chronic Disease , Hepatopulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis , Hepatopulmonary Syndrome/therapy , Liver Diseases/complications , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Embolization, Therapeutic , Arteriovenous Shunt, SurgicalABSTRACT
Advances in our understanding of human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection have led to improved care and incremental increases in survival. However, the pulmonary manifestations of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS] remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Respiratory complaints are not infrequent in patients who are HIV positive. The great majority of lung complications of HIV/AIDS are of infectious etiology but neoplasm, interstitial pneumonias, Kaposi sarcoma and lymphomas add significantly to patient morbidity and mortality. Imaging plays a vital role in the diagnosis and management of lung of complications associated with HIV. Accurate diagnosis is based on an understanding of the pathogenesis of the processes involved and their imaging findings. Imaging also plays an important role in selection of the most appropriate site for tissue sampling, staging of disease and follow-ups. We present images of lung manifestations of HIV/AIDS, describing the salient features and the differential diagnosis
Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Infections/complications , Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory , Diagnosis, Differential , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnostic imaging , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
This is part II of two series review of reading chest radiographs in the critically ill. Conventional chest radiography remains the cornerstone of day to day management of the critically ill occasionally supplemented by computed tomography or ultrasound for specific indications. In this second review we discuss radiographic findings of cardiopulmonary disorders common in the intensive care patient and suggest guidelines for interpretation based not only on imaging but also on the pathophysiology and clinical grounds